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Mechanism of Action: Selank acts on the central nervous system by influencing the levels and activity of neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, which can result in anxiolytic effects, mood improvement, and cognitive enhancement. The peptide also interacts with the immune system by influencing gene expression and modulating cytokine balance. Notable Studies: · Semax and Selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum · Selank administration affects the expression of some genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission · Immunomodulatory effects of Selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders What is Selank? Selank is a synthetic analog of tuftsin, an endogenous tetrapeptide that plays a role in regulating the immune system. Some researchers informally classify Selank as a nootropic—a compound that can enhance cognitive function, improve memory, and increase mental clarity. Selank was developed in the early 1990s at the Russian Academy of Sciences and has primarily been studied for its anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects. It is believed to work by modulating neur ...
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Mechanism of Action: Retatrutide is a triple receptor agonist that targets the receptors of GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon hormones. By combining the effects of native GIP and GLP-1 with glucagon receptor activation, it exerts a broad appetite-suppressing and metabolic impact. Researchers suggest that this triple mechanism may offer more effective glycemic control and weight loss compared to other incretin-based therapies. Notable Studies: · Is retatrutide (LY3437943), a GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist a step forward in the treatment of diabetes and obesity? · Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial conducted in the USA - The Lancet · Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial | New England Journal of Medicine What is Retatrutide? Retatrutide, a synthetic peptide created by Eli Lilly, is also known by its development code LY3437943. This peptide acts as a triple receptor agonist, targeting the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glu ...
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Mechanism of Action Melanotan I is an agonist of melanocortin receptors 1, 3, 4, and 5, binding primarily to melanocortin receptor 1 to trigger melanin production. Notable Studies Increased eumelanin expression and tanning is induced by a superpotent melanotropin [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH in humans Effects of a superpotent melanotropic peptide in combination with solar UV radiation on tanning of the skin in human volunteers A phase II, randomised, open label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of subcutaneous bioresorbable afamelanotide implants in patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris What is Melanotan I? Melanotan is a synthetic analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, or α-MSH for short. α-MSH is one of a number of melanocortin peptide hormones in the body. Melanotan is typically injected or administered as an implant and binds to melanocortin receptors 1, 3, 4, and 5. There are two types of melanotan molecules: melanotan I and melanotan II. They have both been linked to increased melanin production and increased tanning of the skin. While there is strong research interest in both melanotan molecules, this review ...
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Mechanism of Action: GHK-Cu is said to stimulate the synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans, as well as modulating the activity of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. It is also believed to stimulate dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and decorin, and acts to attract immune and endothelial cells to sites of injury. Notable Studies: A synthetic tripeptide which increases survival of normal liver cells, and stimulates growth in hepatoma cells Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data GHK and DNA: resetting the human genome to health What is GHK-Cu? GHK-Cu is a human copper-binding peptide proven to confer a host of benefits related to healing, tissue regeneration, and skin, hair, and nail health. GHK was first discovered in 1973 by the noted peptide researcher Dr. Loren Pickart. He found that aged liver cells, when inoculated with blood from young people, were able to begin regenerating [1]. Eventually, it was discovered that GHK was the cause of this spontaneous regeneration. This is also how researchers were able to discover that GHK declined during the aging process, since the aged cells ...
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What is TB-500? TB-500 is a 43 amino acid synthetic analog of thymosin B-4 (TB-4), which occurs naturally in nearly all mammalian cells. TB-500 is known for its effects on actin, cell migration, and wound healing. Animal models and in vitro studies have shown that TB-500 can improve blood vessel growth, accelerate wound healing, reduce inflammation, and promote production of extracellular matrix. The peptide is currently being studied for its ability to reduce oxidative stress in spinal cord injuries, improve recovery after heart attacks, and have a variety of anti-aging effects. TB-500 Mechanism of Action TB-500 is the active domain of TB-4 and primarily acts as an actin-binding protein. Actin is an important component of cellular structure and makes up microfilaments. Microfilaments are responsible for giving cells their shape, protecting the integrity of cell membranes, allowing cells to move/migrate, and certain steps in cell reproduction. Actin is also one of the main components of muscle protein. Without actin, muscles cannot contract. Actin-binding proteins such as TB-4 sequester actin monomers (single units of actin), thereby protecting them from degradation and allowing them to polymerize into microfilaments ...
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Class of Compound: Peptide Mechanism of Action: BPC-157 is known to stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor, which triggers the formation of blood vessels. Also, it blocks the growth-inhibiting action of 4‐hydroxynonenal. Further, it upregulates multiple growth receptors in the body and stimulates the production of fibroblasts, vital to the synthesis of collagen. Notable Studies: Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system Fistulas healing. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy BPC 157 counteracts QTc prolongation induced by haloperidol, fluphenazine, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, sulpiride, and metoclopramide in rats What is BPC-157? BPC-157 refers to Body Protection Compound-157, a naturally occurring peptide found in human stomach juices. Composed of a sequence of 15 amino acids, the peptide can also be found in trace amounts in the gastric fluids of other mammals. The peptide plays a fundamental role in preserving the lining of the GI tract. However, researchers are interested in its application in other areas of the body—particularly in regards to wound healing, neuroprotection, and muscle and tissue growth. M ...
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What is Tirzepatide? Tirzepatide is a synthetic peptide that acts as a dual agonist at the glucose-dependent insulin secretagogue polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. The compound has been studied for its potential to affect glucose regulation and energy balance. Researchers are particularly interested in Tirzepatide because of its potential role in treating metabolic disorders, including those associated with insulin resistance and excess weight. How does Tirzepatide work? Tirzepatide is designed to activate both GIP and GLP-1 receptors, which are involved in regulating insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. By stimulating these receptors, Tirzepatide can enhance insulin secretion in response to elevated blood glucose, inhibit glucagon release, and slow gastric emptying. In addition, this dual agonist effect may help reduce appetite and caloric intake by acting on receptors within the central nervous system, which may be beneficial for weight management. What are the potential benefits of Tirzepatide? Research suggests that Tirzepatide may offer several potential benefits: Improved blood sugar control: Tirzepatide ...
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What is Hexarelin? Hexarelin is a synthetic hexapeptide that mimics ghrelin, the body’s natural gut hormone. It acts on the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) to trigger the release of growth hormone . The growth hormone release resulting from hexarelin treatment can improve the body’s ability to produce collagen, repair ligaments and tendons, grow muscle fibers, reduce visceral body fat, and increase bone density . While hexarelin is a ghrelin analog, studies have found that hexarelin is a superior alternative to ghrelin therapy because of its potency and stability, particularly as a cardioprotective agent. The administration of hexarelin has also been shown to provide neuroprotective benefits such as promoting the growth of new brain cells, protecting healthy brain cells, and reducing inflammation in the brain. Hexarelin Benefits and Uses Hexarelin is frequently sought out for its marked effects on fat loss and muscle-building. Its ability to affect insulin sensitivity, energy production, and lean muscle growth makes it an attractive compound for researchers wishing to enhance the body composition of their subjects. Hexarelin for Fat Reduction ...
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What is Hexarelin? Hexarelin is a synthetic hexapeptide that mimics ghrelin, the body’s natural gut hormone. It acts on the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) to trigger the release of growth hormone . The growth hormone release resulting from hexarelin treatment can improve the body’s ability to produce collagen, repair ligaments and tendons, grow muscle fibers, reduce visceral body fat, and increase bone density . While hexarelin is a ghrelin analog, studies have found that hexarelin is a superior alternative to ghrelin therapy because of its potency and stability, particularly as a cardioprotective agent. The administration of hexarelin has also been shown to provide neuroprotective benefits such as promoting the growth of new brain cells, protecting healthy brain cells, and reducing inflammation in the brain. Hexarelin Benefits and Uses Hexarelin is frequently sought out for its marked effects on fat loss and muscle-building. Its ability to affect insulin sensitivity, energy production, and lean muscle growth makes it an attractive compound for researchers wishing to enhance the body composition of their subjects. Hexarelin for Fat Reduction ...
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Compound Class: Peptide Mechanism of Action: CJC-1295 binds to receptors in the pituitary gland, stimulating the release of plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Notable studies: CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog, stimulates growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion in healthy adults over a long period of time Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, restores growth to normal in GHRH knockout mice Sleep and endocrine changes after intranasal administration of growth hormone-releasing hormone in adolescents and older adults Also known as: UNII-62RC32V9N7, 62RC32V9N7 Research applications: Growth hormone deficiency Body composition Sleep quality; anti-aging Risks: Limited human data Lack of FDA approval WADA banned list Chemical structure CJC-1295 structure What is CJC-1295? CJC-1295 is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) developed by ConjuChem Technologies in the mid-2000s. Originally designed to treat obe ...
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Compound Class: Peptide Mechanism of Action: CJC-1295 binds to receptors in the pituitary gland, stimulating the release of plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Notable studies: CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog, stimulates growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion in healthy adults over a long period of time Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, restores growth to normal in GHRH knockout mice Sleep and endocrine changes after intranasal administration of growth hormone-releasing hormone in adolescents and older adults Also known as: UNII-62RC32V9N7, 62RC32V9N7 Research applications: Growth hormone deficiency Body composition Sleep quality; anti-aging Risks: Limited human data Lack of FDA approval WADA banned list Chemical structure CJC-1295 structure What is CJC-1295? CJC-1295 is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) developed by ConjuChem Technologies in the mid-2000s. Originally designed to tre ...
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Compound Class: Peptide Mechanism of Action: Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue and ghrelin receptor agonist that triggers and stimulates growth hormone production by mimicking ghrelin. It binds to ghrelin receptors, stimulating growth hormone release, and inhibits somatostatin and suppresses its effects. Notable Studies: · Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue · The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced reductions in bone formation in adult rats · The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats What is ipamorelin? Ipamorelin is a laboratory-made compound known as growth hormone-releasing peptide. It stimulates the body to release growth hormone, which promotes systemic growth of muscle, bone, vascular system, and other cells and body tissues. Ipamorelin is unique among growth hormone-releasing peptides in that, unlike most growth hormone-releasing peptides, it does not activate the body's natural stress response. This gives ipamorelin an advantage over similar compounds. However, research on ipamorel ...
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